職場 The comedian was killing me laughing.不是「喜劇演員笑著把我殺死」 《芭比》(Barbie)不單單只是回憶童年的電影,劇中討論的性別平等(Gender equality)、父權主義(Patriarchy)等議題,也令人印象深刻。在故事中,芭比迷Gloria經歷進入社會、婚姻育兒後,對真人芭比說出的肺腑之言,反映出女性為了符合社會期待而遭遇的迷惘;這段獨白引起了大眾討論與認同,被譽為奧斯卡等級(Oscar worthy)的發言: “It is literally impossible to be a woman. You are so beautiful, and so smart, and it kills me that you don’t think you’re good enough. Like, we have to always be extraordinary, but somehow we’re always doing it wrong. “ “You have to be thin, but not too thin. ... You’re supposed to stay pretty for men, but not so pretty that you tempt them too much or that you threaten other women because you’re supposed to be a part of the sisterhood. ... It’s too hard! It’s too contradictory and nobody gives you a medal or says thank you! And it turns out in fact that not only are you doing everything wrong, but also everything is your fault.” —《Barbie》 我們可以從這段話,學習幾個很重要的TOEIC常用單字及句型。 literally確實的 這個字裡頭包含字根lit-,指「閱讀」、「文字」,常見的單字包含:literacy(識字率)、literature(文學)等。 副詞literally是指「強調某個敘述的真實性與精準性」,而且這樣的事實往往超乎人們的預期: It is literally impossible to be a woman.(當好一個女人確實就是不可能) Taiwan Music Festival is famous among young Taiwanese. There were literally millions of people participating in the festival this year.(台灣祭廣受台灣年輕人歡迎,今年真的有百萬人次參與這次的活動) literally的另一個意思是「字面上的」,通常會在翻譯中出現: The Chinese idiom ren shan ren hai, literally translated to “people mountain people sea”, is used to describe a place crowded with people. (人山人海這個成語字面上翻譯即是people mountain people sea,用來形容一個地方擠滿了人) kill使極度痛苦 kill當動詞用,除了「殺死」這個用法外,也可以形容某件事物讓某人產生強烈情緒: it kills me that you don’t think you’re good enough. (看著你如此聰慧美麗卻覺得自己不夠好,我好心痛。) I could hardly sleep last night because my back pain was killing me. (我昨晚幾乎不能睡,因為背痛得讓我受不了。) kill還有另一個顛倒用法,用來指一件事物讓人覺得非常好笑。 The stand-up comedy was so much fun. The comedian was killing me laughing. (那次脫口秀真的好有趣,那個喜劇演員讓我笑得半死) suppose應該 意思是「社會普遍的期待或要求」,使用時機多與社會規範有關。如下面的句子描述女人應該要美貌端莊,是為了維持各種關係上的禮貌。 You’re supposed to stay pretty for men, but not so pretty that you tempt them too much or that you threaten other women because you’re supposed to be a part of the sisterhood.(你應該要為了男人保持美麗,但同時不能太美,因為你會誘惑男人,或是威脅到其他的女人的生存,你應該要好好維持跟其他女人的好姐妹關係。) Stop telling your children what they are supposed to do. They are grown-ups and they should make choices on their own and face consequences. (不要再告訴孩子應該要做什麼,他們已經長大,該自己做決定並承擔責任。) suppose另一個常見的意思是「猜想、假設」,他可以直接放於句首,也可置於句中,後面接上that所引導的名詞子句。 Suppose(that)you have a magic key that can open anything. What would you choose to open? ( 假設你有一隻能開啟任何事物的魔法鑰匙,你會想開啟什麼呢?) It is absurd to suppose that people in our lives are always trying to take advantage of us. (一直假設生命中的每個人都要來占我們的便宜,是很荒謬的一件事) contradictory矛盾的 字根contra-帶有「相反的」,例如contrary「相反的」。另一個字根 -dict-「說」,例如dictator 「獨裁者」(意指唯一發號施令的人)。兩個字根組合的contradictory,就是「矛盾的」(兩邊說的東西相反): When the police asked Linda where she was yesterday morning, she told the police she was home. However, her neighbor gave a contradictory statement, saying that he saw Linda leaving home with a huge suitcase at 8 a.m. yesterday. (當警方問Linda昨天早上在哪裡時,她說她都在家。然而她的鄰居提供相反的證詞,說他看見Linda在早上8點時,就提著大行李箱出門了) 需要釐清的是,contradictary跟contrary的差別,這2個單字都有表示兩方說法不相同、相反的意味。但主要差異在於,contradictary本身就假設了其中一方是對的,另一方因為矛盾,所以是錯誤的。如例句中提到的Linda與鄰居的證詞,這段話已經假設一定有一方是正確的。 但contrary沒有這個假設,只是單純描述兩方討論的方向不同。如以下例句,雙方的看法沒有正確或錯誤,只是單純描述不同情境而已。 Contrary to what I have heard from most students, Prof. Lee treats me very well. (跟我從大部分學生聽到的不同,李教授對我很好) 【TOEIC模擬試題】 I feel confused when I received ________advice from the same committee member. A beneficial B contradictoryC practicalD confidential You ________make a reservation earlier if you want to celebrate Father’s Day in that famous restaurant. A supposed to B suppose toC are supposed to D are supposing to 解析: 1.正解為B。本題為單字題,句意為「當我從同一位委員身上得到矛盾的意見時我很困惑。」各選項意思分別為A beneficial 有幫助的 B contradictory 矛盾的 C practical 實際的 D confidential 機密的,(B)最符合句義。 2.正解為C。本題是文法題,句意為「如果你想在那間著名餐廳慶祝父親節,你應該要提前預約。」be supposed to 為固定用法表示「(大眾普遍認知的)應該」,故選C。 責任編輯:陳瑋鴻核稿編輯:倪旻勤 ... 2023.09.15
職場 應徵外商必學!履歷用這4個單字,面試官對你印象更加分 企業在徵才時,會從履歷判斷是否邀請應徵者進行面試,履歷的好壞決定求職的成敗。本次介紹4個用來描述工作內容的英文動詞,能為履歷及面試大大加分,同時也是TOEIC測驗的常考單字。 We are seeking a motivated Sales Manager to drive sales growth. As a Sales Manager, you’ll implement effective sales strategies, coordinate sales activities, supervise operations, and evaluate performance. Responsibilities include setting sales targets, mentoring the team, analyzing market trends, etc. (我們正在尋找一位主動積極的業務經理來推動業績成長。擔任業務經理需要有效執行銷售策略、協調銷售活動、管理執行項目,並評估銷售表現。詳細的職務責任包含設定銷售目標、輔導帶領團隊、分析市場趨勢等。) coordinate協調 coordinate當動詞,解釋為「協調、相互配合」。字首「co- 」有together、with「相互一起」的意思。 coordinate經常搭配與活動、任務相關的名詞,例如activity、efforts、campaign、work、operation等,甚至負面的單字attack「攻擊」也可以。若要形容一個人負責協調整合的工作,就是一位coordinator「協調者」。 The event planner coordinated all the logistics, including venue arrangement, catering, and participant registrations. (活動策劃人需要協調所有的後勤作業,如安排地點、食物準備和登記參加者等。) evaluate評估 與evaluate「評估」經常搭配的名詞有situation/condition「狀況」、progress「進度」、performance「表現」、effectiveness「有效性」等。例如:主管、教師要評量員工或學生的表現,就是evaluate a student/worker’s progress or performance,醫生需要評估病人的狀況,則為evaluate a patient’s condition。 Each candidate’s qualifications will be carefully evaluated during the hiring process. (在招募過程中,每位候選人的資歷都會被仔細的評估。) 和evaluate相似的單字是assess v.,許多測驗或評量都會用它的名詞assessment tests「評量測驗」。 Teachers should conduct frequent informal assessments of students’ understanding of materials in class. (教師應該要經常根據學生對課程內容的理解,進行非正式的評量。) supervise監督 supervise當動詞解釋為「監督、管理、指導」,所以我們常用supervisor來指「主管」,名詞為supervision。 Since most of the workshop participants do not have any prior experience using tools, please present an overview of safety tips and supervise them during the hands-on activities. (由於大部分工作坊的參與者沒有使用工具的經驗,因此請先介紹安全原則,並在實作活動時監督他們使用工具的情況。) supervise這個字有重要的字首和字根。字首「super- 」通常有如above、beyond「在上面、超越」的意思,例如「超人」Superman,薯條「加大」也是用supersize v.形容,還有天文現象的Super moon「超級月亮」。 字根「vis-」則有「看」的意思,日常生活中許多單字都有這個字根,如vision「視力、遠見」,television「電視」等。因此當字首和字根結合起來,supervise就有「在上面看著」的含義,意思是「監督、管理」。 與supervise相似的詞是oversee「監督」,也是TOEIC測驗的常見單字,拆開成over、see,與supervise的字義大同小異。 The manager should oversee the daily operations of the department and make sure that the tasks are completed in a timely fashion. (經理應該要監督部門裡每日工作的執行,並確保任務能準時完成。) implement實施 動詞implement解釋為「實施、貫徹」,名詞是implementation,可搭配的名詞有achieve implementation「達成」,manage/supervise/oversee implementation「管理/監督實施」,以及accelerate/facilitate implementation「加速實施」。 Our team was chosen to support the implementation of the project. (我們的團隊被選中來支援執行這項專案。) We worked hard together to implement the advertising campaign, ensuring all strategies were effectively executed. (我們共同努力貫徹廣告活動,並確認所有的策略都能有效執行。) 【TOEIC模擬試題】 The cost savings achieved this year can ________ to the successful implementation of several sustainable measures.A attributeB be contributedC contributeD be attributed We ________ our training courses, so your feedback is extremely valuable.A are currently evaluatedB had currently evaluatedC are currently evaluatingD will currently evaluate 解析: 1.正解為D。句意為「今年達成的成本節省可歸因於我們執行的永續策略成功。」本題的主詞是個人individuals,要符合句意的文法,需要加上被動的形式,故C為正確答案。 本題為文法結合單字題,要根據句意選擇適合的字義和文法結構,首先要判斷該選是attribute「歸因於、歸咎於」還是contribute「貢獻」。判斷出implementation of sustainable measures是原因後,就知道要選擇attribute,由於「成本節省」是主詞,因此語態要選擇被動,故D為正確答案。 2.正解為C 。句意為「我們正在評估我們的訓練課程,因此你的回饋意見對我們極為寶貴。」本題是時態題,由於currently是「目前」的意思,和currently搭配使用的時態多為現在進行式,故C為正確答案。 責任編輯:陳瑋鴻核稿編輯:倪旻勤 ... 2023.08.04